He was born in Corsica and had been educated in a French military academy. He rose rapidly in the ranks after the French Revolution. He had helped to repel an English attack on the key port of Toulon and suppressed a Royalist revolt in Paris. It was in Italy that he made his name.
The French army was on the verge of defeat before he took command. He reorganized the army and he went on to inflict several decisive defeats on the Austrians and their allies. This left Napoleon master of Italy. Later he invaded Egypt and overthrew the Mameluke dynasty. He became first Consul in Napoleon was a gifted organizer and an administrator and he introduced the Napoleonic Code, an enlightened law code that is still widely used in France today and influenced the law codes of many European nations.
During a prayer taken from the Rheims ceremonial pronounced by the pope, Napoleon handed the honours to Talleyrand and Caulaincourt, took up the crown from the altar and placed it upon his head. The imperial couple thus crowned sat down to wait for the formation of the procession which was to accompany them from the low thrones to the grand throne. The procession comprised: the pope, princes, Grands dignitaires, Grands officiers, princesses, ladies in waiting, pages, heralds and bailiffs bearing the honours of Napoleon and Charlemagne.
Napoleon then sat down upon the great throne. The mass then continued with the Te Deum Paisiello , and the Gospel sung in both Latin and Greek ; the choir then sang the Credo and Cardinal Fesch brought the gospel book to the emperor for him to kiss.
Although planned, the imperial couple did not receive communion after the Agnus Dei sung by the choirs. By this time it was 3. Slightly before 4pm , the imperial procession left Notre-Dame and headed towards the Place du Chatelet, going via the lower class boulevards, and finally returning to the Tuileries via the rue and the Place de la Concorde.
They reached the palace at about 6. At about 4pm , the pope also left Notre-Dame, arriving at the Pavillon de Flore in the Tuileries Palace where he was staying at about 7pm. During this time, took place the scrummage of the 20, invited guests trying to get out of the cathedral of Notre-Dame. Go to menu Go to content Go to search. This may well have been true as the political manoeuvre of crowning himself was planned and discussed at great length before the ceremony. Napoleon had several familial issues in the lead up to his coronation.
Even then, there are rumours that at one point they tugged on her heavy train, causing her to stop walking up the aisle. The day itself started in chaos. People had arrived at the Notre Dame at first light to get a good seat, but there was no one to control the growing crowds.
This delayed the set up and final preparation for the ceremony. It was only after an hour and a half that order was re-established, the master of ceremonies having to ask the military guards present at the cathedral for help. The weather was cold and snowy which, along with the large retinue and heavily crowded streets, made Napoleon late to the cathedral by over two hours. However, it is said that as his coach pulled up to the Notre Dame, the clouds parted, and the sun shone through for the first time that day.
By crowning himself andtaking the title of Emperor of France, Napoleon established the legitimacy of his position and hereditary rule. He secured the faith of his supporters, the compliance of his Royalist dissenters and did away with the last vestiges of the revolution to become the highest authority in France. Napoleon went from strength to strength. A year later, almost to the day, he won his most triumphant victory at Austerlitz and had initial successes in the Peninsula War.
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